Antiviral agents for influenza are medications used to treat or prevent influenza (the flu) virus infections. Here are the main categories and examples:

1. Neuraminidase Inhibitors
These drugs inhibit the neuraminidase enzyme, which is essential for the virus's replication and spread.

• *Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)*: Administered orally, effective for treating and preventing influenza.
• *Zanamivir (Relenza)*: Administered via inhalation, used for treatment and prevention.
• *Peramivir (Rapivab)*: A single intravenous dose for treatment in severe cases.

2. Polymerase Inhibitors
These agents inhibit viral RNA polymerase, affecting viral replication.

• *Baloxavir marboxil (Xofluza)*: A newer medication given as a single dose, effective against influenza A and B.

3. Adamantanes
These are older antiviral drugs that target the M2 protein of the virus.

• *Amantadine* and *Rimantadine*: Primarily effective against influenza A; however, many strains have developed resistance, so they are less commonly used.

Usage Guidelines

• *Timing*: Antivirals are most effective when started within 48 hours of symptom onset.
• *Prophylaxis*: Can be used in individuals at high risk of complications or during outbreaks.

Side Effects

• Common side effects include nausea and vomiting, especially with oseltamivir.
• Zanamivir may cause respiratory issues in individuals with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Recommendations

• Vaccination remains the primary method of prevention against influenza.
• Antivirals are a supplemental measure, particularly for high-risk populations or during severe outbreaks.

If you have specific questions about a particular antiviral or its use, Your doctor will help you solve your problem!